TENSE ( PRESENT TENSE) COMPLETE RULES AND EXAMPLE WITH EXPLANATION

Tense : - Tense मुख्यत: तीन प्रकार के होते है- (1) Present tense, (2) Past tense, (3) Future tense

तथा प्रत्येक के 4 भाग होते है -
(1) Indefinite (2) continuous (3) perfect (4) perfect continuous

Present Indefinite Tense
पहचान का तरीका :-

(1) Subject +V1- s/es
(2) Subject + do/does + V1
(3) Subject +is/are/am+ V-3 ( Passive Voice)
(4) Subject + is/are/am + Noun
(5) Subject + is/are/am + Adjective
(6 )Subject + has/have +Noun

Example:-

1. He is a singer. ( Present Indefinite Tense)
2. My father is a doctor. ( Present Indefinite Tense)
3. Ram had a car. ( Present Indefinite Tense)

➲उपरोक्त तीनो वाक्य में Present Indefinite Tense है आप is/are/am/had आदि को देखकर Continuous or Perfect नहीं करना केवल ऊपर के छः तरीके को ध्यान में रख कर आप प्रत्येक प्रश्न को आसानी से कर सकते है।

Representing Words:-

always, often, never, seldom, sometimes, usually, regularly, barely, daily, rarely, occasionally, frequently, off and on, on and on, every+time, etc......

Example:-

1. Ram is going to temple every day.✖
   Ram goes to temple every day. ✔
2. She often goes to school. ✔
    She is often going to school. ✖

➲कुछ verbs जिनका continuous tense नहीं बनता केवल Indefinite Tense ही बनता है- smell, resemble, hear, prefer, recognize, love, hate, dislike, remain, owe, have etc....

Rule .1 :- Permanent Activity or Nature के भाव को व्यक्त करने के लिए Present Indefinite Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है।

Example:-
1. Radha resembles her mother . ✔
    Radha is resembling her mother. ✖
2. The rose smells sweet. ✔
    The rose is smelling sweet. 🗙
3. I am loving my father. 🗙
    I love my father. ✔
4. The temple faces the North. ✔
    The temple is facing the North. 🗙
5. Ram is looking smart. 🗙
    Ram looks smart. ✔
6. The perfume smells nice. ✔
    The perfume is smelling nice. 🗙

Rule. 2.:- Universal truth व सिद्धांत को व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्य भी Present Indefinite Tense में आते है।

Example:-

1. The sun rises in the East.
2. The earth moves round the sun.
3. Oil floats on water.

Rule. 3 :- Future planned activities में भी Present Indefinite Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है।

Example:-

1. The school reopens in July.
2. The plane takes off at 10 a.m. .
3. Laxman leaves for Mumbai tomorrow.

Rule. 4 :- Quotation, Statement, Historical Present, Commentary ( TV & Radio) के लिए Present Indefinite Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है।

Example:-

1. Gandhi and Nehru are two great men of India.
2. Now the Battle of Haldighati begins.
3. Rohit strikes the ball and off it goes across the boundary line.
4. Keats says, ' A things of beauty is a joy for ever.

Present Continuous Tense
पहचान :-

(1) Sub.+is/are/am+V1+ing
(2) Sub.+is/are/am+being+V-3 ( Passive voice)

Example:-

1. She is writing a letter. ( Present Continuous Tense)
2. You are being laughed at by them.( Present Continuous Tense)

Rule. 1:- यदि वाक्य routine action में हो तो Present Indefinite Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है परन्तु यह कार्य कुछ ही समय के लिए routine action में रहे तो Present Continuous Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है।

Example:-

1. She prepares for competitive exams now-a-days. ✖
    She is preparing for competitive exams now-a-days. ✔

2. My father works in a company and my sister studies in a college.✔
    My father is working in a company and my sister is studying in a collage. 🗙

Rule. 2:- यदि Temporary action -

(1) Repeated हो तो - Indefinite Tense
(2) Repeated नहीं हो तो - Continuous Tense
(3) Duration हो तो - Continuous Tense
( 4) Duration नहीं हो तो -Indefinite Tense

Example:-
1. Radha sings a song at 10 o'clock. (Repeated Action)
2. Radha is singing a song. (No Repeated Action)

Present Perfect Tense
पहचान :-

1. Sub.+has/have+V-3
2. Sub.+has/have+been+V-3 (Passive voice)
3. Sub.+has/have+Adjective
4. Sub.+has/have+Noun
5. Sub.+has/have+had+Noun

Example:-

1. Ram had had a car.
2. He has been a singer.
3. Ram has just arrived here.
4. We have reached the moon.
5. We have had enough problems here.
6. She has had her breakfast.

Representing Words:-

Before, after, By the time( By sunday, By 9 o'clock), to that day, to this day, lately, of late, yet, so far, ever, recently, already, just, just now, till, untill, etc...

Example:-

1. Radha finished her work lately. 🗙
    Radha has finished her work lately. ✔
2. Of late she returned home.✖
    Of late she has returned home. ✔
3. She has not reached home yet. ✔
4. We have progressed a lot. ✔

➲ Already/Just आदि adverbs हमेशा H.V. तथा M.V. के बीच आती है।

Example:-

1. He just had breakfast. ✖
    He just had breakfast. ✔
2. I have posted my letters already. ✖
    I have already posted my letters . ✔

➲यदि दो कार्य साथ -साथ हो रहे है तो वहां हमेशा Indefinite Tense होगा। परन्तु यदि दो कार्य अलग -अलग समय पर हो तो जो कार्य पहले होगा वह Prefect Tense होगा तथा जो बाद में हो वह Indefinite Tense में होगा।

Example:-

1. When he died, the villagers buried him.🗙
   When he had died, the villagers buried him.✔
2. I told my mother that I was busy last week. 🗙
    I told my mother that I had been busy last week.✔
3. When I had completed my project, I went to the hell station.✔
    When I completed my project, I went to hell station. 🗙

➲Already का प्रयोग केवल Affirmative sentence में किया जाता है तथा Yet और so far का प्रयोग केवल negative and interrogative sentence में किया जाता है।

Example:-

1. She has not already finished her work.✖
    She has already finished her work.✔
2. I has not taken food already. ✖
    I has already taken food.✔